Synchronous Endometrial and Ovarian Adenocarcinomas in a 43-Year-Old Patient Following Infertility Treatment: A Case...

Background and Clinical Significance: This study presents a case of a 43-year-old female with a long history of infertility, treated for uterine leiomyoma and endometrial hyperplasia, over a total observation period of 42 months. Case Presentation: Levonorgestrel intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) therapy, as a first and subsequent line of treatment, was introduced. The patient also received medroxyprogesterone acetate oral treatment. Finally, she underwent surgery for an ovarian tumor that appeared to be an ovarian adenocarcinoma concurrent with endometrial cancer. After the removal of the reproductive organ, the patient was diagnosed with synchronous low-grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the endometrium and a concurrent grade 2 (G2) endometrioid adenocarcinoma in the left ovary. Conclusions: The prognosis and further management largely depend on whether these are two individual neoplasms or one metastatic tumor. Considering the young age of the patients, an early disease stage, a low grade of both cancers, and favorable prognosis, most synchronous endometrial and ovarian cancers are identified as two independent primary tumors. The diagnosis of a multi-focal neoplasm is important, as in patients with endometrial cancer and ovarian metastasis, the 5-year survival rate is 30-40%, whereas in the case of individual neoplasms, it is 75-80%.