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Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
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Dermatomyositis-Related Encephalopathy: Clinical, Neuroimaging and Immunological Characterization
Daniel Alberto Carrillo-Vázquez1,2, Carlos Antonio Davizon-López1, Alejandro Gutiérrez-Castillo1
1Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City 14080, Mexico.
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2025
Summary
Dermatomyositis can affect the brain, causing cognitive issues. Specific immune cell changes and brain imaging patterns may help identify patients at risk for encephalopathy.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Radiology
Background:
- Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune condition rarely associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, specifically encephalopathy.
- Objective characterization of neurocognitive decline in DM patients is lacking.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the immunophenotype, clinical, and neuroimaging characteristics of DM patients experiencing encephalopathy.
- To identify objective markers for recognizing DM patients prone to encephalopathy.
Main Methods:
- Detailed analysis of three DM patients with encephalopathy, including neurocognitive testing, PET/CT scans, and peripheral immunophenotyping.
- Comparison of immunophenotypes between DM patients with and without encephalopathy, and with healthy controls.
Main Results:
- Patients exhibited cognitive deficits in attention, memory, and language.
- PET/CT revealed specific patterns of cerebral hypometabolism and hypermetabolism.
- Encephalopathic DM patients showed distinct peripheral T-cell profiles, including increased PD-1+, TEM, CD57+, and CD73+ cells.
- Immunosuppressive treatment led to normalized cerebral metabolism and improved clinical symptoms.
Conclusions:
- Specific PET/CT findings and peripheral immunophenotype markers (PD-1+, TEM, CD57+, CD73+) can aid in identifying DM patients at risk for encephalopathy.
- Early recognition may prevent long-term neurological sequelae.
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