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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture01:26

Sputum Studies I: Gram Stain, cytology, and Acid-fast smear and culture

Sputum studies are a critical part of diagnosing and treating numerous respiratory conditions. These studies involve obtaining sputum samples for analysis to identify pathogenic organisms and assess the presence of abnormal cells indicative of malignant conditions. This lesson will delve into three fundamental sputum studies: Gram Stain, Cytology, and Acid-fast Smear and Culture.
Gram Stain
The Gram Stain is an integral part of sputum studies. It involves the staining of sputum, which permits...
Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity01:20

Sputum Studies II: Culture and Sensitivity

Description
Sputum culture and sensitivity is a medical procedure used to diagnose bacterial infections in the respiratory tract and select the most appropriate antibiotics for treatment. This process involves analyzing sputum samples of thick and opaque secretions produced in the lungs and airways. These samples are collected from patients and then sent to the laboratory for analysis.
The test can identify various pathogens responsible for respiratory infections, including Streptococcus,...

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Updated: May 13, 2026

Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis with the Xpert MTB/RIF Test
08:10

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Published on: April 9, 2012

Concurrent Tuberculosis and COVID-19 Testing from a Single Sputum Specimen for Enhanced Disease Detection.

Anura David1, Leisha Genade2, Lesley Erica Scott1

  • 1Wits Diagnostic Innovation Hub, Health Sciences Research Office, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Integrated testing for tuberculosis (TB) and SARS-CoV-2 using a single sputum sample identified significant cases of TB and co-infection. This approach proved effective for simultaneous diagnosis of respiratory illnesses.

Keywords:
COVID-19Mycobacterium tuberculosisSARS-CoV-2bi-disease testingtuberculosis

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Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health
  • Diagnostic Microbiology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) and SARS-CoV-2 share overlapping symptoms and transmission routes, complicating diagnosis.
  • Integrated testing strategies are recommended for high TB burden countries to address co-infection.
  • Simultaneous testing of respiratory pathogens is crucial for effective disease management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a single sputum test for both SARS-CoV-2 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).
  • To assess the performance of the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay using a sputum swab capture method.
  • To determine the prevalence of TB and TB-COVID-19 co-infection in a South African population.

Main Methods:

  • A total of 1032 participants with respiratory symptoms or risk factors provided sputum for testing.
  • Sputum was tested using the Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay and Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay.
  • Concordance analysis compared Xpress assay results with routine SARS-CoV-2 testing.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 18% of participants, and TB in 3%.
  • A 1% co-infection rate of TB and COVID-19 was observed.
  • The Xpress assay demonstrated substantial agreement with routine SARS-CoV-2 testing (Kappa: 0.755).

Conclusions:

  • Integrated sputum testing significantly identified cases of TB and rifampicin-resistant TB that might otherwise be missed.
  • The sputum swab capture method is a reliable approach for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
  • Simultaneous testing enhances the detection of co-infections and improves patient outcomes.