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Prenatal renal vein thrombosis is a rare but severe neonatal complication. Ultrasound is crucial for diagnosis and monitoring, even when blood flow is restored, as renal atrophy can still occur.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal period presents unique risks for severe complications, including renal venous thrombosis (RVT).
  • RVT accounts for 16-20% of neonatal thromboembolisms, often triggered by infection, hypoxia, or dehydration.
  • Intrauterine RVT is exceptionally rare, occurring in only 7% of cases, with an incidence of 2.2 per 100,000 live births.

Observation:

  • A male infant with diabetic fetopathy presented with prenatally diagnosed right kidney venous thrombosis.
  • Diagnosis was confirmed via ultrasound two hours post-birth.
  • The case involved monitoring RVT occurrence and progression using serial ultrasounds.

Findings:

  • Therapy successfully restored renal blood flow.
  • Despite restored flow, long-term follow-up at 6 and 12 months indicated the development of renal atrophy.
  • Ultrasound and Doppler sonography are primary diagnostic tools, though contrast angiography remains the gold standard.

Implications:

  • Prenatal RVT is a rare yet serious neonatal condition.
  • Ultrasound is the preferred method for diagnosing RVT, assessing blood flow restoration, and monitoring kidney outcomes.
  • Early diagnosis and monitoring are vital for managing potential long-term sequelae like renal atrophy.