Global research trends and emerging hotspots in acute high altitude illness: a bibliometric analysis and review (1937-2024)

Acute High Altitude Illness (AHAI) includes conditions such as Acute Mountain Sickness (AMS), High Altitude Cerebral Edema (HACE), and High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE), which result from rapid ascent to altitudes exceeding 2,500 m. Although interest in AHAI research has been growing, a systematic and comprehensive analysis of global research trends remains lacking.

A total of 3,214 articles and reviews published from 1937 to 2024 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric tools, including CiteSpace and VOSviewer, were applied to thoroughly assess publication trends, collaborative networks among authors, institutional contributions, and keyword co-occurrence patterns. The dataset represents the contributions of over 11,758 authors across 86 countries and 3,378 institutions, reflecting the significant growth of this research domain.

Our findings highlight the increasing scholarly attention to AHAI research, with the United States leading in publication numbers. Emerging research themes include cellular activation, oxidative stress, risk factors, and hypobaric hypoxia. This is the first systematic bibliometric review of AHAI literature, offering a detailed roadmap of research hotspots, potential collaborations, and key future directions. These findings provide a valuable reference for researchers aiming to explore gaps and build on the existing knowledge in high-altitude medicine.