Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Teeth

Teeth

The formation of teeth, also known as odontogenesis, is a complex process that begins in utero, around the sixth week of embryonic development. There are three stages to this process: the bud stage, the cap stage, and the bell stage.
In the bud stage, the tooth germ (an aggregation of cells) starts to form in the developing jawbone. During the cap stage, the tooth germ differentiates into enamel organ, dental papilla, and dental sac, which will later develop into the tooth's enamel, dentin and...

Tooth Anatomy

Tooth Anatomy

The human tooth enables us to eat a variety of foods, speak clearly, and even aid in shaping our faces. Teeth are composed of various elements that work together. Here's a detailed look at the anatomy of a human tooth.
The Crown, Neck, and Root
The visible part of the tooth is referred to as the crown. It's covered by enamel, the hardest substance in the human body. The crown is uniquely shaped for each type of tooth, allowing for different functions such as cutting, tearing, or grinding food.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

The various forms of tooth resorption.

Australian endodontic journal : the journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc·2024

Same author

Determinants of Clinical Decision Making under Uncertainty in Dentistry: A Scoping Review.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2023

Same author

Breastmilk influences development and composition of the oral microbiome.

Journal of oral microbiology·2022

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2017

Management Options and Outcomes for Root-Filled Teeth That Have a Periapical Radiolucency.

Jordan Samuel Blum¹

¹The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.

Australian Endodontic Journal : the Journal of the Australian Society of Endodontology Inc

|March 28, 2025

Summary

Post-treatment endodontic disease (PTED) presents as a radiolucency in root-filled teeth. Management options include reassessment, retreatment, or extraction.

Keywords:

apical periodontitis apical surgery endodontic retreatment persistent disease treatment planning

More Related Videos

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

Published on: January 10, 2025

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2026

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Development of a Direct Pulp-capping Model for the Evaluation of Pulpal Wound Healing and Reparative Dentin Formation in Mice

Published on: January 12, 2017

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease

Published on: May 9, 2022

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

Roughness Impact of Piezoelectric Dental Scaler on Two Distinct Flowable Composite Filling Materials

Published on: January 10, 2025

Area of Science:

Endodontology
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Background:

Post-treatment endodontic disease (PTED) is characterized by periapical radiolucency in previously root-filled teeth.
Lesions are considered PTED when healing cannot be assumed.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a current, clinically relevant summary of PTED management options.
To emphasize etiology, case selection, and outcomes for informed clinical decision-making.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of current clinical guidelines and research.
Focus on differential diagnosis and treatment planning for PTED.

Main Results:

Identified three primary management pathways: observation, endodontic retreatment (nonsurgical/surgical), and extraction.
Highlighted the importance of accurate diagnosis and patient-specific factors in selecting the optimal approach.

Conclusions:

Effective management of PTED requires careful consideration of etiology and case selection.
Clinicians can utilize this information to guide patients toward appropriate treatment decisions, optimizing outcomes.