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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 10, 2026

Assessing the Coherence of Parents' Short Narratives Regarding their Child Using the Five-Minute Speech Sample Procedure
07:56

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Published on: September 19, 2019

Social Fathering and Childlessness.

Axel Peter Kristensen1, Trude Lappegård1

  • 1Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Demography
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Men who become social fathers are more likely to be childless. This likelihood varies based on the duration, timing, and complexity of their partnerships, with unstable relationships increasing childlessness risk.

Keywords:
ChildlessnessPartnership historiesRegister dataSequence analysisSocial fathering

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Area of Science:

  • Sociology
  • Demography
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Increasing rates of childlessness in Norway and Western countries.
  • Focus on social fathering as a factor influencing fertility decisions.
  • Need to understand the nuances of non-biological fatherhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between social fathering and childlessness.
  • To examine how partnership characteristics modify this relationship.
  • To provide insights into evolving family structures and fertility patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Norwegian administrative register data for men born in 1980.
  • Employed sequence analysis to define men's partnership histories over 18 years.
  • Estimated the relationship between social fatherhood and childlessness at age 42.

Main Results:

  • Men experiencing social fathering are more likely to be childless.
  • The relationship is moderated by partnership duration, timing, and complexity.
  • Transient social fathering and unstable partnerships correlate with higher childlessness.

Conclusions:

  • Social fathering is linked to increased childlessness, particularly within unstable partnership contexts.
  • Long-term social fathering within stable partnerships also shows a higher likelihood of childlessness compared to childless men in similar partnerships.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay between non-biological fatherhood, partnership dynamics, and fertility outcomes.