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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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[Update on cardiovascular prevention 2025].

Harm Wienbergen1,2,3, Ulrich Hanses4,5, Hatim Kerniss4,5

  • 1Bremer Institut für Herz- und Kreislaufforschung (BIHKF), Stiftung Bremer Herzen, Senator-Weßling-Str. 2, 28277, Bremen, Deutschland. harm.wienbergen@klinikum-bremen-ldw.de.

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Germany

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular prevention assistantsDrugsLife stylePublic effort

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Germany's healthcare system is expensive, yet life expectancy lags behind other nations.
  • Cardiovascular diseases and inadequate prevention are key factors contributing to this disparity.
  • A healthy lifestyle is fundamental to cardiovascular prevention, encompassing diet, exercise, and mental well-being.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight deficits in cardiovascular prevention in Germany.
  • To emphasize the role of lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapy in improving cardiovascular health.
  • To advocate for enhanced public and individual strategies for cardiovascular prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cardiovascular disease risk factors and prevention strategies.
  • Analysis of the impact of lifestyle choices (diet, exercise, smoking, sleep, mental health) on cardiovascular outcomes.
  • Evaluation of the prognostic effects of modern medications like PCSK9 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Main Results:

  • Despite advanced medical treatments, lifestyle factors remain critical for cardiovascular health.
  • Specific medications (PCSK9 inhibitors, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists) show significant prognostic benefits.
  • Current cardiovascular prevention efforts in Germany are insufficient to improve life expectancy.

Conclusions:

  • Intensified public health initiatives are essential to improve cardiovascular prevention in Germany.
  • Individual patient support through trained healthcare professionals is crucial for sustainable lifestyle changes and medication adherence.
  • Training physicians and specialized prevention assistants is vital for effective long-term cardiovascular care.