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Measuring autonomy in hybrid work: scale development.

Pallavi Datta1, Sathiyaseelan Balasundaram2, Elangovan N2

  • 1School of Business and Management, Christ University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560029, India. pallavidatta96@gmail.com.

Psicologia, Reflexao E Critica : Revista Semestral Do Departamento De Psicologia Da UFRGS
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed the Autonomy in Hybrid Work Scale (AHWS) to measure employee autonomy in hybrid settings. This validated 18-item scale offers insights into work location, time, scheduling, and decision autonomy for IT professionals in India.

Keywords:
Autonomy in workHybrid workplaceIndiaInformation Technology IndustryScale development

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Area of Science:

  • Organizational Psychology
  • Human Resource Management
  • Information Technology Sector

Background:

  • Autonomy is crucial for positive employee outcomes in management theory.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic and technology shifts have popularized hybrid work, especially in India's IT sector.
  • A standardized measure for autonomy in hybrid work is currently lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To contextualize, develop, and validate the Autonomy in Hybrid Work Scale (AHWS).
  • To provide a tool for assessing employee autonomy in hybrid work environments within the Indian context.

Main Methods:

  • A two-phase descriptive study following DeVellis's scale development framework.
  • Phase 1: Literature review, item generation, content/face validity, pilot testing.
  • Phase 2: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) for scale validation.

Main Results:

  • Data from 313 IT employees in Bengaluru, India, confirmed normality.
  • Convergent validity (r=.734) and discriminant validity (HTMT < 0.90) were established.
  • The final 18-item AHWS demonstrated strong reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.825) across four dimensions: work location, time, scheduling, and decision autonomy.

Conclusions:

  • The AHWS is a reliable tool for assessing autonomy in hybrid work settings.
  • It aids managers and academics in understanding autonomy's impact on employee well-being and productivity.
  • The scale addresses a literature gap, enabling further research on hybrid work autonomy.