Understanding the functional significance of the labia minora: a scoping review on sexual physiology

The labia minora, an essential yet understudied component of female genital anatomy, has been hypothesized to play a role in the female sexual function. Despite its potential importance, empirical evidence linking the labia minora's anatomical characteristics to sexual function remains limited.

Through critically assessing the current literature on the labia minora, this scoping review aims to consolidate existing research on the labia minora's anatomy, vascularization, innervation, and its role in female sexual function.

Scoping review methods according to (PRISMA-ScR) were followed. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from database inception to March 31, 2024. Studies were screened for original research on anatomy, vascularization, innervation, and sexual function of the labia minora, and data were extracted from those meeting the inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence and the JBI Critical Appraisal Tool.

Of the 480 studies identified, a total of 27 studies met the inclusion criteria, with the majority (56%) rated as "good" quality evidence. The labia minora was consistently found to have rich vascularization and a high density of nerve endings, suggesting a role in sexual arousal and engorgement. However, significant variations in labial morphology were noted, and the impact of these variations on sexual function remains unclear. Additionally, the role of hormonal influences, particularly androgens, on labial anatomy and function is poorly understood.Conclusion: The labia minora likely plays a critical role in female sexual function, yet many aspects of its anatomy and function are not well understood. Future research should prioritize detailed studies of its vascular and neural structures and the effects of hormonal changes to improve clinical outcomes and therapeutic interventions for vulvar-related conditions.