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Non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons
1Interdisciplinary Center for Theoretical Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Solitons in relativistic field theories are not necessarily topologically charged. In particular, non-topological solitons-known as Q-balls-arise naturally in nonlinear field theories endowed with attractive interactions and internal symmetries. Even without stabilizing internal symmetries, quasi-solitons known as oscillons, which are long-lived, can also exist. Both Q-balls and oscillons have significant applications in cosmology and particle physics. This review is an updated account of the intriguing properties and dynamics of these non-topological solitons and quasi-solitons, as well as their important roles in early-Universe scenarios and particle physics models.
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