Plant volatile organic compounds: Emission and perception in a changing world

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are produced by all kingdoms of life and play crucial roles in mediating the communication between organisms and their environment through emission and perception. Plants, in particular, produce and emit an exceptional variety of VOCs that together serve as a complex chemical language facilitating intra-plant, inter-plant, plant-animal, and plant-microbe interactions. VOC signals are perceived and decrypted by receiver plants; however, the emission, composition, distribution and effective range, as well as uptake of these infochemicals depend on temperature and atmospheric chemistry in addition to their physicochemical properties. Since both emission and perception are directly affected by ongoing climate change, research into these processes is urgently needed to develop mitigation strategies against this threat to plant communication networks. In this brief review, we highlight the recent advances about plant VOC emission and perception, emphasizing the effect of the current climate crisis on these processes. Despite some progress in understanding VOC emission and perception, significant gaps remain in elucidating their molecular mechanisms in plants.