Distribution and dynamics of hyphal organelles

Filamentous fungi have been very useful organisms for the investigation of organelles in eukaryotic cells. The structure and function of fungal organelles is generally very similar to that observed in animal cells. However, the nature of a "cell" in many filamentous fungi is unusual, because in many of these organisms the filaments are structured as a large syncytium. In the Ascomycota hyphae are typically a very long tube divided into different compartments by an incomplete cell wall called the septum. The pore in the middle of the septum is large enough to allow virtually all organelles to move from one hyphal compartment to another. In this review, I will look at the dynamics of this movement of organelles and describe what we know about how the structure and distribution of organelles varies from one hyphal compartment to another.