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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System I:Echocardiography01:17

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Cardiac imaging studies encompass a wide range of noninvasive and minimally invasive techniques designed to visualize the heart's structure and function in detail. One such technique is echocardiography, which uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to produce detailed images of the heart, known as echocardiograms.
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Imaging Studies for Cardiovascular System II:Types of Echocardiography

Echocardiography plays a role in assessing cardiac health and detecting heart conditions, with various types providing critical insights for diagnosis and treatment.
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Transthoracic Echocardiography (TTE)
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
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Echocardiography reporting in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Delphi consensus study.

Maria F Paton1,2, Carys Barton3, Resham Baruah4

  • 1Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

Open Heart
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Developing standardized echocardiography reporting for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) can improve diagnosis and patient care. This approach aims to reduce delays and geographical disparities in the UK.

Keywords:
Cardiac Imaging TechniquesEchocardiographyHEART FAILUREHealth Services

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) presents with heart failure symptoms despite normal ejection fraction.
  • Current diagnostic pathways in the UK for HFpEF using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) can lead to delays.
  • A need exists for a consistent and practical approach to reporting echocardiographic findings suggestive of HFpEF.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a standardized, clinically appropriate, and practical method for reporting echocardiographic suspicion of HFpEF.
  • To address disparities in patient pathways and improve the diagnostic process for HFpEF.
  • To enhance the consistency of TTE reporting for HFpEF across the UK.

Main Methods:

  • The Delphi method was employed with a steering group of nine UK experts to identify key domains and generate consensus statements.
  • A survey using a four-point Likert scale was distributed to 135 UK healthcare professionals experienced in HF management.
  • Consensus was defined as 75% agreement ('strong') or ≥90% ('very strong').

Main Results:

  • 34 consensus statements were generated across seven domains, including system challenges, referral enhancement, and HFpEF etiology.
  • 20 statements (59%) achieved very strong agreement, and 10 (29%) achieved strong agreement.
  • Participants included physiologists, HF nurses, cardiologists, GPs, and pharmacists, indicating broad professional engagement.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized TTE reporting and specialist referral pathways are essential for timely HFpEF diagnosis.
  • Eliminating diagnostic delays and geographical disparities requires consistent reporting and multidisciplinary collaboration.
  • Improved HFpEF detection rates and patient experience depend on enhanced education and awareness.