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Critical thinking and clinical skills by problem-based learning educational methods: an umbrella systematic review
Wei-Li Ge1,2, Xia-Yin Zhu3, Jiang-Bo Lin2
1Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Shandong, China.
BMC Medical Education
|March 29, 2025
Summary
Problem-based learning (PBL) enhances medical, nursing, and dental students' clinical skills and critical thinking. While effective, more research is needed to confirm these benefits across diverse educational programs.
Area of Science:
- Medical Education
- Health Professions Education
- Instructional Strategies
Background:
- Problem-based learning (PBL) is a student-centered instructional strategy.
- Its effectiveness in medical education is debated.
- PBL is used in undergraduate and graduate programs.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review global data on PBL's efficacy for critical thinking and clinical skills.
- To assess PBL in medical, nursing, and dental education.
- To evaluate PBL for undergraduate and resident training.
Main Methods:
- Comprehensive literature search in PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, and Web of Science.
- Included publications regardless of date, design, or origin.
- Data compiled from thirteen meta-analyses and systematic reviews.
Main Results:
- PBL was found to effectively improve students' clinical skills.
- PBL also enhanced critical thinking abilities in students.
- Further evidence is required to solidify these findings.
Conclusions:
- PBL shows promise as an effective strategy in medical, nursing, and dental education.
- It equips students with essential skills and competencies for professionalism.
- PBL complements existing knowledge acquisition.
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