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Serum Biomarkers in Thyroid Malignancies: Evaluating Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) and Vascular
Raghad N Shihab1, Atheer Abd Elqader Zain Elabdeen1, Samar Ahmed Jabbar1
1Iraqi Center for Cancer and Medical Genetic Research, Mustansiriyah university, Baghdad, Iraq.
Background:
Thyroid cancer is a prevalent endocrine malignancy, and identifying reliable molecular markers is crucial. This study evaluates the diagnostic potential of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) and vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1).
Materials And Methods:
A total of 90 patients with thyroid disorders including malignant tumors, benign tumors, and hyperthyroidism were recruited from the Al-Amal National Hospital for Cancer Management in Baghdad (March-June 2022). Twenty-five age-matched healthy individuals served as controls. Serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, and thyroglobulin (Tg) were measured along with TSHR and VAP-1 using commercial sandwich ELISA kits.
Results:
Patients with thyroid cancer exhibited significantly elevated levels of T3 and T4, as well as markedly increased Tg concentrations, compared to controls. In contrast, TSH levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.001). Notably, VAP-1 levels were significantly lower in thyroid cancer patients when compared with both healthy controls and patients with other thyroid disorders (P < 0.001), while TSHR levels did not differ significantly among the groups.
Conclusion:
The distinct hormonal profile observed characterized by increased T3, T4, and Tg, alongside a significant reduction in VAP-1 suggests that low serum VAP-1 may serve as a useful diagnostic marker for thyroid cancer. These findings underscore the complex interplay between thyroid function and tumor biology and warrant further investigation into the molecular mechanisms underlying these alterations.
