Comprehensive elemental and carbon profiling of Punjab's soils: distribution patterns, pollution assessment, and source attribution
- Mahesh Tiwari 1,2, Tejas Rathod 1,2, Rahul Bhangare 1, Sanjay Kumar Sahu 3,4, Vandana Pulhani 1,2
- Mahesh Tiwari 1,2, Tejas Rathod 1,2, Rahul Bhangare 1
- 1Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
- 2Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
- 3Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India. sksahu@barc.gov.in.
- 4Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, 400094, India. sksahu@barc.gov.in.
- 0Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India.
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View abstract on PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.This study optimized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) for soil analysis in Punjab, India. Arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) were identified as the most contaminating elements, indicating slight soil pollution.
Area Of Science
- Environmental Science
- Geochemistry
- Analytical Chemistry
Background
- Soil analysis is crucial for agriculture, nutrient management, and environmental protection.
- Understanding elemental composition and pollution levels informs land use and agricultural practices.
- Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) is a key technique for elemental analysis.
Purpose Of The Study
- Optimize EDXRF parameters for analyzing 22 elements in Punjab, India soil samples.
- Assess soil pollution and anthropogenic influence using contamination indices.
- Identify major, minor, and trace elements and their distribution.
Main Methods
- Optimized energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) parameters.
- Collected and analyzed soil samples from Punjab, India.
- Calculated contamination factor, index of geoaccumulation, and pollution load index (PLI).
- Utilized principal component analysis (PCA) to determine element sources.
Main Results
- Identified major (Al, Fe, K, Mg), minor (Ba, Mn, Zr, Rb, Ce, Sr, Cr, V), and trace (Zn, Ni, Pb, Cu, As, Sc, Co, Br, Cs, U) elements.
- Arsenic (As) and Lead (Pb) were found to be the most contaminating elements.
- The average Pollution Load Index (PLI) was 1.14, indicating slight pollution.
- Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed both natural and anthropogenic sources for soil elements.
Conclusions
- EDXRF parameter optimization enhances soil elemental analysis.
- Soil in Punjab shows slight pollution, primarily from As and Pb.
- Both natural processes and human activities contribute to the elemental composition of the soil.
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