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Vector-borne pathogens in dogs in Egypt: Molecular and immunological insights
Marwa M Khalifa1, Mai A Salem1, Ehab A Fouad2
1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. 12211, Giza, Egypt.
Research in Veterinary Science
|March 29, 2025
Summary
Stray dogs in Egypt are significant reservoirs for canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD), including zoonotic pathogens like Anaplasma platys and Leishmania spp. Control strategies are crucial to protect both canine and human health.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Infectious Diseases
- Parasitology
Background:
- Canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) pose significant health risks to dogs and humans globally.
- Transmission occurs via blood-feeding vectors like ticks, fleas, and mosquitoes.
- Understanding prevalence and diversity is key for control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess the prevalence, diversity, and clinical impact of CVBD in domestic and stray dogs in Egypt.
- To identify specific pathogens, including zoonotic agents.
- To investigate the clinical and immunological responses to infection.
Main Methods:
- Microscopic and molecular diagnostic techniques were employed.
- Prevalence and co-infection rates were analyzed in domestic versus stray dog populations.
- Clinical signs, immune responses (cytokines), and oxidative stress markers were evaluated.
Main Results:
- Multiple CVBD pathogens were identified, including zoonotic Anaplasma platys and Leishmania spp.
- Stray dogs showed higher infection prevalence and co-infections compared to domestic dogs.
- Infected dogs exhibited clinical signs, elevated inflammatory cytokines, and increased oxidative stress markers.
Conclusions:
- Stray dogs play a critical role in the transmission and maintenance of CVBD.
- Comprehensive diagnostic, preventive, and control measures are essential.
- Mitigating CVBD in dogs is vital for public health due to zoonotic potential.
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