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Age differences in prefrontal cortex activity during dual-task tandem gait: An fNIRS study.

Soo-Yong Park1, Nadja Schott1

  • 1Department of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport Psychology & Human Movement Science, University of Stuttgart, Germany.

Brain Research
|March 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Middle-aged adults show reduced motor performance and frontal lobe activation during dual-task tandem gait compared to young adults. This suggests cognitive-motor interference challenges neural resources in older individuals.

Keywords:
Cerebral hemodynamicsExecutive functionFunctional near-infrared spectroscopyLinear mixed modelsMiddle-aged adultMotor-cognitive interference

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Dual-task (DT) conditions, combining motor and cognitive tasks, are crucial for assessing dynamic balance and mobility.
  • Pathological aging processes significantly impact motor and cognitive functions, making DT assessments vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age-related differences in behavioral and neural changes during dual-task tandem gait (DTG).
  • To identify how cognitive-motor interference affects frontal lobe activation in young (YA) versus middle-aged adults (MA).

Main Methods:

  • 20 young adults (21.3 ± 1.86 years) and 12 middle-aged adults (55.3 ± 3.81 years) performed tandem gait (TG) alone and with cognitive tasks.
  • Cognitive tasks included backward alphabet recitation, oral TMT-B, and backward counting.
  • Cortical activation in the frontal lobe was measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Main Results:

  • Middle-aged adults exhibited significantly fewer accurate motor responses than young adults, while cognitive performance was comparable.
  • A significant interaction effect between task and group was observed in the left dorsal lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC).
  • Middle-aged adults showed decreased frontal lobe activation over time during DTG compared to young adults.

Conclusions:

  • Middle-aged adults experience greater behavioral deficits and reduced neural activation during DTG, indicating cognitive-motor interference challenges.
  • The observed downregulation in MA suggests approaching neural resource capacity limits, particularly under complex motor demands.
  • DTG is a sensitive measure for detecting age-related declines in neural resource allocation and executive function.