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Related Concept Videos

Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

Atomic Force Microscopy

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 9, 2026

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases
08:14

Atom Probe Tomography Analysis of Exsolved Mineral Phases

Published on: October 25, 2019

Advancing atom probe tomography capabilities to understand bone microstructures at near-atomic scale.

Tim M Schwarz1, Maïtena Dumont2, Victoria Garcia-Giner3

  • 1Max-Planck-Institute for Sustainable Materials, Max-Planck-Str. 1, Düsseldorf 40237, Germany.

Acta Biomaterialia
|March 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study enhances atom probe tomography (APT) for bone analysis by using in-situ metallic coating. This improves sample yield and chemical sensitivity, enabling near-atomic resolution of bone's hierarchical structure and biomineralization processes.

Keywords:
Atom probe tomographyBiomineralizationBone structureCharacterization development

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Area of Science:

  • Biomineralization and Biomaterials Science
  • Advanced Analytical Techniques in Materials Science
  • Nanoscale Structural and Chemical Analysis

Background:

  • Bone structure is hierarchically organized into organic (collagen) and inorganic (hydroxyapatite) components.
  • Fundamental biomineralization mechanisms, including trace element influence and mineral-collagen arrangement, remain poorly understood.
  • Traditional atom probe tomography (APT) faces challenges in bone analysis, such as low sample yield and loss of organic components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To overcome the limitations of APT in analyzing bone's complex hierarchical structure and chemical composition.
  • To improve sample yield and chemical sensitivity for nanoscale analysis of bone.
  • To enable near-atomic scale investigation of biomineralization processes in bone.

Main Methods:

  • Applied in-situ metallic coating of APT specimens during focused ion beam (FIB) preparation.
  • Explored and optimized measurement parameters for APT analysis of bone samples with and without coating.
  • Acquired reference spectra from pure hydroxyapatite (HAP) and collagen to aid in complex mass spectra deciphering.

Main Results:

  • In-situ metallic coating significantly improved sample yield and chemical sensitivity in APT bone analysis.
  • Enabled the analysis of individual collagen fibrils and trace elements (e.g., Mg, Na) at the nanoscale.
  • Achieved near-atomic scale analysis of entire collagen fibrils and mineral-collagen interfaces.

Conclusions:

  • The developed in-situ metallic coating method enhances APT capabilities for bone structural and chemical analysis.
  • This technique opens new avenues for understanding bone's hierarchical structure and chemical heterogeneity.
  • Provides a powerful tool for future research into biomineralization processes, bone diseases, and biomaterial development.