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Updated: Jan 11, 2026
Disorders of Erythrocytes
The effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the fate of cadmium immobilized by microbial induced phosphate
Guoquan Zeng1, Jingtong Dai1, Jiannan Jian1
1Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
Abstract:
Microbial induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP) is an environmentally friendly method for Cd immobilization. MIPP precipitates were mainly insoluble phosphates which were inevitably affected by phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB). However, effect of PSB on the fate of Cd immobilized by MIPP still remained unclear. Here, we investigated the transformation of Cd and MIPP precipitates with PSB strain Enterobacter sp. QY1. The results showed that Enterobacter sp. QY1 could secrete D-gluconic acid and acetic acid to release Cd, Ca and phosphorus from MIPP precipitates. The concentration of released Cd reached a peak on 5-7 d, then decreased, indicating that some of released Cd was re-immobilized. Sorption of Enterobacter sp. QY1 and substitution of CaxCd10-x(PO4)6(OH)2 played a major role in re-immobilization of released Cd. Finally, about 7.0-8.7 % Cd immobilized by MIPP was released after 28 d. The fate of Cd immobilized by MIPP in soil was also explored, Sphingomonas might dissolve MIPP precipitates and release Cd, then the concentration of exchangeable Cd increased. Overall, PSB mobilized Cd immobilized by MIPP, posing a threat to the long-term effectiveness of MIPP technology. Our findings are beneficial to understand the effect of phosphorus biogeochemical cycle on durability of MIPP in Cd remediation.
Insights
Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can release cadmium (Cd) immobilized by microbial induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP). While some Cd is re-immobilized, PSB mobilization threatens the long-term effectiveness of MIPP for Cd remediation.
Area of Science:
- Environmental microbiology
- Biogeochemistry
- Remediation technologies
Background:
- Microbial induced phosphate precipitation (MIPP) is a green method for immobilizing cadmium (Cd).
- Phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) can influence MIPP precipitates, but their effect on immobilized Cd fate is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the transformation of Cd and MIPP precipitates by PSB strain Enterobacter sp. QY1.
- To assess the long-term effectiveness of MIPP in Cd remediation under PSB influence.
Main Methods:
- Incubation of MIPP precipitates with Enterobacter sp. QY1.
- Analysis of released Cd, Ca, and phosphorus.
- Investigation of Cd re-immobilization mechanisms (bacterial sorption, mineral substitution).
- Exploration of Cd fate in soil.
Main Results:
- Enterobacter sp. QY1 released Cd, Ca, and P from MIPP precipitates via organic acids.
- Released Cd peaked at 5-7 days, with subsequent re-immobilization through bacterial sorption and mineral substitution.
- Approximately 7.0-8.7% of immobilized Cd was released after 28 days.
- In soil, Sphingomonas potentially dissolved MIPP, increasing exchangeable Cd.
Conclusions:
- PSB mobilize Cd immobilized by MIPP, challenging the technology's long-term efficacy.
- Understanding phosphorus biogeochemical cycles is crucial for evaluating MIPP durability in Cd remediation.
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