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Related Concept Videos

Pharmacovigilance01:19

Pharmacovigilance

Post-marketing surveillance is a critical component of pharmaceutical regulation, often uncovering unanticipated adverse drug reactions (ADRs) once a drug is widely used over an extended period.
This process, termed pharmacovigilance, aims to detect, evaluate, and minimize harmful effects related to medication use. The data collection for pharmacovigilance depends on spontaneous reporting systems, where healthcare professionals or patients voluntarily report suspected ADRs.
In some cases, there...
Effects of Chemicals: Overview01:27

Effects of Chemicals: Overview

Drugs, encompassing various chemical compounds from natural sources, lab synthesis, or genetic engineering, elicit different biological responses in living organisms. Some of these responses are desirable or therapeutic, while others are undesirable. The primary goal of administering a drug is to achieve a therapeutic effect, that is, to address a specific disease or health condition. Any concurrent effects outside of this therapeutic outcome are considered undesirable. These undesirable...
Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.

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Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning: A Neuroprotective Technique in Rodents
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Prophylactic Ketamine: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.

Astrid M Cardona-Acosta1, Lyonna F Parise2, Carlos A Bolaños-Guzmán1

  • 1Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, and Institute for Neuroscience, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas.

Biological Psychiatry
|March 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ketamine shows promise as a prophylactic for stress-induced disorders like depression and anxiety. Further research is crucial to understand its benefits, risks, and optimal use in clinical settings.

Keywords:
KetamineNeuroprotective drugsProphylactic treatmentStress resilienceStress-induced psychiatric disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Rising prevalence of stress-induced disorders (depression, anxiety, PTSD, postpartum depression) with limited current treatments.
  • Exploration of novel therapeutic strategies, including ketamine, as a preventative measure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on ketamine's prophylactic use for stress-induced disorders.
  • To examine preclinical and clinical findings, underlying mechanisms, and limitations of ketamine therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of preclinical and clinical studies on ketamine and its metabolites.
  • Analysis of neurobiological mechanisms (glutamatergic, dopaminergic, serotonergic, inflammatory pathways).
  • Evaluation of age- and sex-specific efficacy, adverse effects, and ethical considerations.

Main Results:

  • Ketamine and its metabolites (hydroxynorketamine) demonstrate potential prophylactic effects.
  • Evidence suggests involvement of specific brain circuits and neurotransmitter systems.
  • Identified limitations include age/sex differences, potential long-term effects, and ethical concerns.

Conclusions:

  • Ketamine presents a potential prophylactic option for stress-induced disorders.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate benefits, risks, and clinical integration strategies.
  • Advancements in ketamine-based therapies require continued investigation for improved patient outcomes.