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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Evaluating Bone Marrow Involvement in Pediatric Neuroblastoma: Traditional Methods and Emerging Technologies-A

Lavleen Singh1, Venkateswaran K Iyer1, Nishikant A Damle2

  • 1Department of Pathology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Pediatric and Developmental Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society
|March 31, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Diagnosing bone marrow infiltration (BMI) in pediatric neuroblastoma (NB) is crucial. Novel methods like molecular techniques and functional imaging offer higher accuracy than traditional bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and aspirate (BMA).

Keywords:
RT-qPCRbone marrow biopsybone marrow infiltrationfunctional imagingimmunocytologymolecular diagnosticsneuroblastoma

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Diagnostic Imaging
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor.
  • Bone marrow infiltration (BMI) significantly impacts NB staging and prognosis.
  • Conventional methods for BMI assessment include bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and aspirate (BMA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and compare established (BMB, BMA) and novel diagnostic approaches for assessing BMI in pediatric NB.
  • To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of various techniques.
  • To identify advancements that improve BMI assessment in neuroblastoma.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of PubMed and Embase databases.
  • Inclusion criteria focused on diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for BMI.
  • Qualitative analysis of 140 selected articles from 2694 initially identified.

Main Results:

  • Bone marrow biopsy (BMB) is the current gold standard for BMI diagnosis in NB.
  • Novel methods including immunocytology, RT-qPCR, and multiparametric flow cytometry (FCM) show higher sensitivity for detecting minimal residual disease (MRD).
  • Functional imaging (MIBG scintigraphy, FDG-PET/CT) offers improved accuracy and whole-bone marrow assessment compared to focal sampling of BMB.

Conclusions:

  • Advanced molecular diagnostics and functional imaging enhance BMI assessment accuracy in pediatric NB.
  • Integration of novel techniques with traditional biopsy methods optimizes diagnostic and prognostic evaluation.
  • Newer modalities provide superior sensitivity and specificity for detecting and staging bone marrow involvement in neuroblastoma.