Severe Mycobacterium chelonae Infection Following Dermal Filler Injection: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge

This case report describes a challenging case of Mycobacterium chelonae infection in a 72-year-old immunocompetent woman following poly-L-lactic acid injection. This represents the first reported case of Mycobacterium chelonae ​​​​infection following dermal filler injections in Europe. Despite initial empiric therapy, the infection progressed, requiring multiple surgical debridements and prolonged antibiotic therapy with significant side effects. This report highlights the challenges of diagnosing and treating Mycobacterium chelonae infections, emphasizing the importance of early recognition, a multidisciplinary approach, and susceptibility-guided antibiotic therapy. The gravity of this case underscores the potential for severe complications following seemingly minor cosmetic procedures, even in immunocompetent individuals. It highlights the need for a high index of suspicion and prompt medical attention.