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Instantaneous Piezoelectric Nanogenerator for Pacemaker Applications.

Derui Wang1, Wenjian Liu1, Long Gu1

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.

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|March 31, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces an improved nanogenerator (NG) that significantly boosts power output for implantable devices. The enhanced piezoelectric nanogenerator (PENG) charges devices faster, enabling self-powered pacemakers using heartbeats.

Keywords:
Biomechanical energy harvestingImplantable medical devicesPacemakersPiezoelectric nanogeneratorsSelf-powering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Harvesting

Background:

  • Implantable nanogenerators (NGs) offer a path to self-sustainable power for cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs).
  • Low conversion efficiency of mechanical energy to electrical energy has hindered practical application of NGs for charging power storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an enhanced piezoelectric nanogenerator (i-PENG) design to overcome the efficiency limitations of conventional PENGs.
  • To demonstrate the i-PENG's capability to rapidly charge a power storage component for biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Designed an instantaneous piezoelectric nanogenerator (i-PENG) to amplify output spikes from a regular PENG.
  • Integrated the i-PENG with a rectifier and micro capacitor to create a self-contained power system.
  • Tested the integrated system's performance by implanting it on a pig's heart surface.

Main Results:

  • The i-PENG design achieved approximately 7 times higher output amplitude compared to a regular PENG.
  • The enhanced electrical energy output resulted in a substantially faster capacitor charging rate.
  • The integrated system charged a 100 μF capacitor to 4 V in 13 minutes on a pig's heart.

Conclusions:

  • The i-PENG design principle effectively increases piezoelectric energy output for powering implantable biomedical devices.
  • The developed system successfully operated a commercial pacemaker, demonstrating its practical viability.
  • This work paves the way for self-powered implantable devices using enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting.