Harlequin Syndrome Caused by Multinodular Goitre

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Neuroanatomy
• Endocrinology

Background:

• Harlequin syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by unilateral facial flushing and sweating.
• Understanding sympathetic facial innervation is crucial for diagnosing and managing related conditions.

Observation:

• A case of Harlequin syndrome was identified.
• The condition was linked to compression of the sympathetic trunk.
• The compression was caused by a non-toxic multinodular goiter.

Findings:

• The study presents a unique case linking Harlequin syndrome to extrinsic compression of the sympathetic trunk by a goiter.
• This finding offers insight into the anatomical basis of Harlequin syndrome.

Implications:

• This case expands the differential diagnosis for Harlequin syndrome.
• It underscores the importance of considering thyroid pathology in neurological presentations involving facial autonomic dysfunction.
• Further research into the relationship between goiters and sympathetic nervous system disorders is warranted.