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Correlation between HbA1c Levels and Periodontal Bacterial Load in Diabetic Patients with Fixed Retainers
Mihaela Mariș1, Sorana Maria Bucur2, Marius Mariș3
1PhD student, Doctoral School, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati, Romania.
Background:
Fixed orthodontic retainers can promote biofilm accumulation, increasing periodontal risks in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study examines the relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and bacterial load before and after oral hygiene intervention.
Methods:
Forty diabetic patients (HbA1c: 6.5%-9%) were divided into Group I (18-30 years, n=18) and Group II (>30 years, n=22). Periodontal samples were analyzed using micro-IDent® PCR tests. Pearson's correlation and linear regression assessed associations between HbA1c and bacterial load.
Results:
Pre-intervention bacterial loads were 66 (Group I) and 128 (Group II). Post-intervention, they decreased significantly to 34 and 93 (p≤0.05). HbA1c showed a strong pre-intervention correlation with bacterial load (r=0.78, p=0.002), decreasing post-intervention (r=0.42, p=0.08). Each 1% HbA1c increase correlated with a 20.3-unit rise pre-intervention (R²=0.61) and 8.2 units post-intervention (R²=0.18).
Conclusion:
Fixed retainers facilitate bacterial colonization, worsening periodontal inflammation in diabetic patients. Glycemic control and regular oral hygiene interventions are essential for reducing bacterial load and preventing complications.
