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Insight into Paediatric Versus Adult Leprosy: A Comparative, Analytical Study from India.

Deepika Pandhi1, Pratibha Gupta1, Archana Singal1

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Pediatric leprosy presents unique challenges, with children experiencing more type 1 reactions and disabilities. Early detection and community awareness are crucial for effective management of childhood leprosy.

Keywords:
Childhood leprosydisabilityleprosy reactionretrospective study

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Pediatric leprosy is less common than adult leprosy but poses diagnostic and management challenges.
  • Leprosy remains endemic in certain regions, particularly affecting low-resource settings.
  • Understanding childhood leprosy is vital for global eradication efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze clinical presentation differences between pediatric and adult leprosy.
  • To outline clinical implications of childhood leprosy based on tertiary care hospital data.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 1006 leprosy cases (pediatric and adult) from January 2010 to December 2021.
  • Comparison of clinical variables, including history, examination, and investigation parameters.
  • Data collected from leprosy clinic records at Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi.

Main Results:

  • Children (16.8%) showed a higher proportion of borderline tuberculoid (BT) leprosy (65.7%) compared to adults (41.7%).
  • Pediatric cases had higher rates of type 1 leprosy reactions (11.2%) and paralytic deformities (32.5%).
  • Treatment completion rates were similar, but default rates were notable in both pediatric (27.8%) and adult (28.9%) groups.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric leprosy is characterized by a significant number of type 1 lepra reactions, paralytic deformities, and disabilities.
  • Pure neuritic leprosy and high default rates were observed in children.
  • Early detection, timely intervention, and increased community awareness are essential for managing pediatric leprosy effectively.