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Updated: Jul 2, 2026

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

Published on: March 2, 2015

Payment problems and suicide: life under financial strain.

Carla L Hughes¹, Åsmund Hermansen²

¹National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention (NSSF), University of Oslo (UiO), Oslo, Norway.

Scandinavian Journal of Public Health

|March 31, 2025

Summary

Financial difficulties, specifically payment problems, significantly increase suicide risk for both men and women in Norway. Women facing financial hardship showed a relatively higher suicide risk compared to men.

Keywords:

Payment problems debt stress suicide

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Sociology
Epidemiology

Background:

Suicide is often linked to impulsivity during crises like financial difficulties.
Payment problems, including unemployment and debt, are key risk factors for suicide in individuals facing financial hardship.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of payment problems on suicide risk in Norway.
To analyze suicide as an outcome variable in relation to financial difficulties.

Main Methods:

Utilized spline-based parametric survival analysis on Norwegian register data (2008-2018).
Examined the entire adult Norwegian population, focusing on payment problems defined as wage or benefit deductions.

Main Results:

A higher prevalence of payment problems was associated with increased suicide risk for both males and females.
Women experiencing financial hardship exhibited a relatively higher adjusted suicide risk than men.

Conclusions:

Findings underscore the need for enhanced protections for individuals with financial difficulties.
Emphasizes the importance of further research to inform national suicide prevention strategies.