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Nonlinear Optical Resonances from Ballistic Electron Funnelling.

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  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a new method for second-harmonic generation using electron funnelling in THz optical resonators. This technique rectifies currents without a potential barrier, significantly reducing the required field intensity for THz upconversion.

Keywords:
ballistic transportgeometric funnellingoptical resonatorsparticle-in-cell simulationssecond harmonic generation

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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Plasmonics
  • Quantum Electronics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is crucial for frequency conversion in optics.
  • Existing SHG methods often require high field intensities or specific material properties.
  • Efficient THz upconversion and rectification remain challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel mechanism for SHG via electron funnelling in THz optical resonators.
  • To demonstrate SHG without potential barriers using resonant rectifiers.
  • To explore the potential for low-field THz upconversion and rectification.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing particle-in-cell simulations to model femtosecond electron-surface scattering.
  • Analyzing electron funnelling dynamics in THz optical resonators.
  • Differentiating funnelling from nonlocal plasmonic drag and bulk Dirac anharmonicity.

Main Results:

  • Electron funnelling acts as an inherent second-order harmonic generator.
  • The funnelling mechanism reduces required field intensity for SHG by 3-4 orders of magnitude.
  • Design guidelines for resonance mode matching and materials selection were established.

Conclusions:

  • Funnelling-induced SHG offers a practical pathway for low-field THz upconversion.
  • The approach is geometrically tunable and operates across a broad THz frequency range.
  • Graphene is a promising material for implementing this THz rectification technology.