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Demoralization, self-efficacy, and business profitability in self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases

Wafaa Sowan1, Svetlana Baziliansky1

  • 1University of Haifa, Israel.

Journal of Health Psychology
|March 31, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases face challenges. Higher intolerance of uncertainty (IU) is linked to decreased profitability and increased demoralization, impacting work and mental well-being.

Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Occupational Health
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Cardiac diseases (CD) impose significant burdens on individuals, affecting their psychological, social, and economic well-being.
  • Self-employed individuals with CD face unique occupational challenges impacting their health and business operations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty (IU), business profitability, and demoralization in self-employed individuals with CD.
  • To examine the moderating role of IU on the interplay of these variables.

Main Methods:

  • A study involving 120 self-employed individuals with CD, categorized by lower and higher levels of IU.
  • Multi-group analysis was employed to compare the identified groups.

Main Results:

  • A significant association was found between declining business profitability, IU, and high levels of demoralization.
  • Intolerance of uncertainty (IU) moderated the relationships between study variables, indicating a heightened risk for psychological and work-related difficulties in those less tolerant of uncertainty.
  • Personal resources, including self-efficacy and coping strategies, were identified as contributing factors to demoralization.

Conclusions:

  • Intolerance of uncertainty is a critical factor exacerbating the challenges faced by self-employed individuals with cardiac diseases.
  • Interventions aimed at managing IU and bolstering personal resources may mitigate psychological distress and work-related issues in this population.

Keywords:
cardiac diseasescoping strategiesdemoralizationself-efficacyself-employed

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