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Deciphering the Mechanisms Regulating Variability in Induced Systemic Resistance Among Tomato Genotypes
Jane Marian Luis1,2, Amit K Jaiswal1, Tesfaye D Mengiste3
1Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, U.S.A.
Tomato genotype determines its response to Trichoderma harzianum, a beneficial fungus. This study reveals key molecular pathways, like brassinosteroid and jasmonic acid signaling, that prime resistant tomatoes against Botrytis cinerea, improving biocontrol strategies.
Area of Science:
- Plant Pathology
- Molecular Biology
- Agricultural Science
Background:
- Induced systemic resistance (ISR) in tomato against foliar pathogens is influenced by genotype.
- Trichoderma harzianum is a beneficial fungus used for biocontrol.
- Botrytis cinerea is a significant tomato foliar pathogen.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the genotype-specific mechanisms of ISR in tomato against B. cinerea.
- To compare the priming capabilities of responsive (Solanum pimpinellifolium LA 1589) and unresponsive (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Wisconsin 55) tomato genotypes.
- To identify molecular pathways involved in differential ISR responses using RNA-seq.
Main Methods:
- Treatment of tomato genotypes with T. harzianum followed by inoculation with B. cinerea.
- Phenotypic analysis including disease lesion area, plant height, and root biomass.
- Temporal gene expression profiling using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) to compare genotypes.
Main Results:
- T. harzianum treatment enhanced ISR in S. pimpinellifolium LA 1589, showing reduced disease, increased plant height, and root biomass.
- S. lycopersicum cv. Wisconsin 55 did not exhibit similar ISR benefits upon T. harzianum treatment.
- Differential gene expression revealed unique enrichments in autophagy, hypersensitive response, and metabolic pathways (auxin, brassinosteroid, ethylene, flavonoid, jasmonic acid, phenylalanine, salicylic acid, sterol) between genotypes.
- Upregulation of brassinosteroid, phenylpropanoid, and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling, alongside downregulation of salicylic acid signaling, characterized the ISR-responsive genotype.
Conclusions:
- Brassinosteroid, phenylpropanoid, and jasmonic acid/ethylene signaling pathways are crucial for priming ISR-responsive tomato genotypes against B. cinerea.
- Downregulation of salicylic acid signaling contributes to effective ISR.
- Findings offer insights for enhancing Trichoderma-based biocontrol and selecting genotypes for improved growth and pathogen resistance.
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