Risk Assessment of Somatic Symptom Disorder Among Patients Attending a Family Medicine Practice in an Academic Center

The prevalence of somatic symptom disorder (SSD) among primary care patients is a significant concern. Despite advancements in medical services, many patients with unexplained symptoms remain undetected in primary care settings. This underscores the urgent need to improve detection rates and identify relevant factors associated with SSD. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of SSD, and the risk factors associated with its development among adult patients in primary care practice. This cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2023 across seven clinics within the Department of Family and Community Medicine at an academic center. Using a simple sampling technique, 300 adult patients were included. Data were collected through a designed questionnaire that comprised sections on sociodemographic information, medical characteristics, and screening questions for SSD. The study revealed a 38.7% prevalence of SSD, with higher rates observed among younger individuals, females, rural and semi-urban residents, the unemployed, those in toxic relationships, individuals with low socioeconomic status, and those experiencing stress. Multivariate regression analysis identified female sex, abusive relationships, stress, and sleep problems as significant risk factors for SSD. These findings underscore the need for improved detection of SSD in primary care settings to reduce healthcare overuse and enhance patient satisfaction. Addressing SSD requires an understanding of its diverse presentations across demographic and psychosocial factors, highlighting the importance of comprehensive assessments and tailored interventions.