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Who Falls for Misinformation and Why?
Tyler J Hubeny1, Lea S Nahon1, Nyx L Ng1
1University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|April 1, 2025
Summary
Understanding why people believe misinformation is key. Truth sensitivity, linked to critical thinking, helps resist false information, but other factors remain unclear.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Social Psychology
- Information Science
Background:
- Misinformation is prevalent, yet susceptibility varies significantly among individuals.
- Understanding the psychological underpinnings of misinformation acceptance is crucial for developing effective countermeasures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify individual difference dimensions associated with accepting misinformation as true.
- To investigate the roles of truth sensitivity, acceptance threshold, and myside bias in misinformation judgments using Signal Detection Theory.
Main Methods:
- Two studies examined associations between 15 individual-difference variables and judgments of misinformation.
- Signal Detection Theory was employed to differentiate between response biases and sensitivity to truth.
- Participants evaluated political and COVID-19 vaccine misinformation for veracity.
Main Results:
- Truth sensitivity positively correlated with cognitive reflection and open-minded thinking.
- Truth sensitivity negatively correlated with bullshit receptivity and conspiracy mentality.
- Acceptance threshold and myside bias contributed to misinformation acceptance but lacked strong links to measured individual differences.
Conclusions:
- Cognitive and dispositional factors significantly influence truth sensitivity, a key component in resisting misinformation.
- While acceptance threshold and myside bias play a role, their relationship with specific individual differences requires further investigation.
- The study highlights the complexity of misinformation susceptibility and identifies areas for future research.
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