Genetic and Genomic Literacy of Healthcare Providers Treating Anorexia Nervosa in the United States: A Mixed Methods, Cross-Sectional Study

Genetic testing has the potential to transform the prevention, treatment, and management of anorexia nervosa (AN) as it has for other conditions. However, healthcare providers require the knowledge and openness to implement genetic testing effectively.

This study had two main objectives, first, to determine the genomic literacy of those treating AN in the United States and second to assess the viewpoints of these healthcare providers on genetic testing and research, and the influence of genetics on AN.

A mixed methods approach combining the GKnowM, a validated genomic literacy tool, Likert-like statements and thematic analysis of free-text responses was used. Participant consent, dissemination of the survey, and response collection were performed through Qualtrics.

Participant's average GKnowM score was 19.6 (SD = 2.8) on a scale of 0-26 (75% correct). Positive correlations were identified between GKnowM score and responses to questions about the influence of genetics on AN and the importance of genetics research, and negative correlations were found between age and years in practice and views on the current value of genetic testing. In addition, participants communicated a need for more genetics learning opportunities, and the challenge of accessing and paying for quality AN treatment in the United States.

The results of this study indicate a need for targeted genetics and genomics learning opportunities for healthcare providers. Improving genomic literacy has the potential to positively influence attitudes toward genetic research and testing and empower healthcare providers to engage in productive and scientifically sound discussions with their patients and society as a whole.