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Ruminococcus bromii-generated acetate alleviated Clonorchis sinensis-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Chun Li1, Changsheng Cheng2, Liping Jiang1
1Guangxi University Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China.
Introduction:
Infection with Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) has the potential to induce liver fibrosis and significantly alter the gut microbiota. However, it remains unclear how these changes in the gut microbiota, through the gut-liver axis, influence the progression of liver fibrosis. Furthermore, it is uncertain whether targeting the gut microbiota, based on the concept of the gut-liver axis, could be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating liver fibrosis.
Methods:
The gut microbiota alterations in C. sinensis-infected mice at multiple time points were analyzed through 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Ruminococcus bromii (R.bromii) therapeutic effect on C. sinensis infected mice was evaluated. Metabolic changes following produced by R. bromii were analyzed using short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolomics. Additionally, R. bromii conditioned medium (R.b CM) or its metabolites were co-cultured with two hepatic stellate cell lines (LX2 and JS1) in vitro to assess their anti-fibrotic effects. Finally, RNA sequencing was employed to investigate the specific mechanism by which acetate inhibits hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) activation.
Results:
The abundance of R. bromii increased during the inflammatory stage of C. sinensis infection and decreased significantly during the fibrosis stage. Oral gavage of R. bromii significantly inhibited C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis while restoring the intestinal barrier. The activation of HSCs was significantly inhibited in vitro upon incubation with R.b CM. Acetate was identified as a key metabolite generated from R. bromii in R.b CM, and acetate attenuated C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, acetate inhibited the activation of HSCs by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to prevent the progression of liver fibrosis in mice infected with C. sinensis.
Discussion:
R. bromii exerted a protective effect on hepatic fibrosis by delivering acetate via the gut-liver axis to active the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in HSCs. Furthermore, R. bromii can be used as a probiotic therapy to alleviate hepatic fibrosis.
Insights
Ruminococcus bromii administration mitigates Clonorchis sinensis-induced liver fibrosis by producing acetate. This metabolite activates the PI3K/AKT pathway in hepatic stellate cells, offering a potential probiotic therapy for liver fibrosis.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Hepatology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Clonorchis sinensis infection can cause liver fibrosis and alter gut microbiota.
- The gut-liver axis role in fibrosis progression and potential microbiota-targeted therapies remain unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of gut microbiota alterations on C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis.
- To evaluate Ruminococcus bromii as a therapeutic agent for liver fibrosis via the gut-liver axis.
Main Methods:
- 16S rDNA sequencing analyzed gut microbiota changes in C. sinensis-infected mice.
- Ruminococcus bromii's therapeutic effects were assessed in vivo and in vitro.
- Metabolomic analysis identified key metabolites, and RNA sequencing elucidated the mechanism of action.
Main Results:
- Ruminococcus bromii administration inhibited C. sinensis-induced liver fibrosis and restored the intestinal barrier.
- Acetate, a metabolite of R. bromii, was identified as a key anti-fibrotic agent.
- Acetate activated the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation.
Conclusions:
- Ruminococcus bromii protects against liver fibrosis by delivering acetate through the gut-liver axis, activating the PI3K/AKT pathway.
- Ruminococcus bromii shows promise as a probiotic therapy for alleviating hepatic fibrosis.
