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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

In Vitro Assay to Evaluate the Impact of Immunoregulatory Pathways on HIV-specific CD4 T Cell Effector Function

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Published on: October 15, 2013

Combination immunotherapy induces post-intervention control of HIV.

M J Peluso¹, D A Sandel^1,2,3, A N Deitchman⁴

¹Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Research Square

|April 1, 2025

Summary

This study explored combination immunotherapy for sustained HIV control. Seven out of ten participants achieved partial or complete control after stopping antiretroviral therapy (ART), suggesting a promising new HIV treatment strategy.

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Last Updated: May 16, 2025

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Published on: October 15, 2013

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Oral Combinational Antiretroviral Treatment in HIV-1 Infected Humanized Mice

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Published on: October 6, 2022

Area of Science:

Immunology
Virology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Achieving sustained antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free control of HIV infection is a critical research goal.
Combination immunotherapy strategies have shown promise in preclinical models but require further human translation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a combination immunotherapy approach in people living with HIV.
To assess the safety and efficacy of therapeutic vaccination, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), and immune stimulation for ART-free HIV control.

Main Methods:

A single-arm, proof-of-concept study involving ten participants on ART.
Participants received therapeutic vaccination, followed by bNAbs and a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, with repeat bNAb administration upon ART interruption.

Main Results:

Seven of ten participants achieved partial or complete control of HIV after stopping ART.
Early expansion of activated CD8+ T cells correlated with lower viral load set points post-intervention.
Control was observed independently of residual bNAb plasma levels.

Conclusions:

Combination immunotherapy, including vaccination and bNAbs, may be effective in inducing sustained HIV control.
This approach shows potential for slowing viral rebound and enhancing CD8+ T cell responses.
Further optimization of combination immunotherapy strategies is warranted for HIV treatment.