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Construction and Implementation of Carbon Fiber Microelectrode Arrays for Chronic and Acute In Vivo Recordings

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Materials and devices for high-density, high-throughput micro-electrocorticography arrays.

Yang Xie¹, Yanxiu Peng², Jinhong Guo¹

¹Department of Electronic Engineering, Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Institute for Precision Medicine, Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

Fundamental Research

|April 1, 2025

Summary

High-density micro-electrocorticography (µECoG) devices offer sub-millimeter neural recording resolution. Advancements in passive and active transistor arrays are crucial for high-throughput brain activity monitoring in research and clinical settings.

Keywords:

Bioelectronics Electrocorticography Flexible electronics Micro-electrocorticography Neural electrode array

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Accurate neural recording is essential for understanding brain function.
Electrocorticography (ECoG) devices have evolved, leading to micro-ECoG (µECoG) with enhanced resolution.
Current µECoG technologies face challenges in single-neuron resolution and throughput.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current status, development, and applications of high-density, high-throughput µECoG devices.
To identify challenges and future directions for µECoG technology.
To explore innovations in both passive and active µECoG arrays.

Main Methods:

Summarizing challenges in existing passive multielectrode and active transistor µECoG arrays.
Discussing design principles and fabrication strategies for optimizing passive µECoG parameters (impedance, flexibility, biocompatibility).
Reviewing advancements in active transistor arrays (silicon, metal oxide, solution-gated) for µECoG.

Main Results:

Passive µECoG devices require optimization in impedance, mechanical flexibility, and biocompatibility.
Active transistor arrays show significant potential for high-density, high-throughput µECoG.
Further research is needed for active transistor arrays to overcome passive array limitations.

Conclusions:

µECoG devices are advancing rapidly, offering sub-millimeter resolution for neural recording.
Active transistor arrays represent a key innovation for future high-performance µECoG systems.
µECoG technology holds promise for both fundamental brain science and clinical applications.