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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

271
The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
271
Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
Innate immunity is the body's natural, nonspecific defense system that acts quickly to protect against pathogens. It incorporates physical barriers like skin and mucous membranes and cellular elements such as phagocytes and natural killer cells. This part of our immune system provides an immediate,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Human Maternal-fetal Interface
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Published on: May 21, 2015

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A dynamic peripheral immune landscape during human pregnancy.

Xiuxing Liu1, Lei Zhu1, Zhaohao Huang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China.

Fundamental Research
|April 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Pregnancy alters the maternal immune system, reducing cytotoxic T and natural killer cell activity. This study reveals immune shifts during pregnancy, potentially impacting maternal health and aging.

Keywords:
AgingDampened adaptive immunityImmune toleranceMaternal immune systemPregnancySingle-cell RNA sequencing

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Last Updated: May 16, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Pregnancy involves significant immune adaptations to tolerate the fetus.
  • These maternal immune changes can elevate susceptibility to certain diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dynamic transcriptional changes in the maternal immune system during pregnancy using single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying immune alterations and their implications for maternal health.

Main Methods:

  • Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
  • Analysis of gene expression patterns across different stages of pregnancy.

Main Results:

  • Observed a gradual reduction in cytotoxicity in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
  • Identified suppressed adaptive immunity signaling (MHC-II, CD40) and enhanced protolerance pathways (ICOS, activin).
  • Detected upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in monocytes and a late-pregnancy shift towards immune activation in dendritic cells and CD4+ T cells.

Conclusions:

  • Pregnancy-induced immune changes involve reduced cytotoxicity and altered adaptive immunity signaling.
  • Monocyte pro-inflammatory responses may compensate for diminished T-cell activity.
  • Pregnancy may have a pro-aging effect on immunity, potentially reversible postpartum.