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Brain Imaging

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Combined Invasive Subcortical and Non-invasive Surface Neurophysiological Recordings for the Assessment of Cognitive and Emotional Functions in Humans

Published on: May 19, 2016

Invasive Brain Mapping Identifies Personalized Therapeutic Neuromodulation Targets for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

A Moses Lee^1,2, Audrey Kist^1,2, John Alvarez^1,2

¹Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco.

Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences

|April 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces personalized deep brain stimulation (DBS) for severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Invasive brain mapping identified specific targets in the ventral capsule (VC) that rapidly reduced OCD symptoms and modulated brain circuits.

Keywords:

Deep Brain Stimulation Intracranial Electrophysiology Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

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Last Updated: May 16, 2025

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Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping

Published on: August 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Neurosurgery
Psychiatry

Background:

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a treatment for severe, refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
Outcomes with current DBS anatomical targets for OCD are variable.
Limitations necessitate novel approaches for personalized neuromodulation in OCD.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate an invasive brain mapping paradigm for personalized neuromodulation in refractory OCD.
To identify specific, effective targets within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit for OCD treatment.
To characterize the circuit-level effects of personalized stimulation.

Main Methods:

Developed an invasive brain mapping approach with multi-target electrode implantation in a single patient with refractory OCD.
Conducted extensive stimulation mapping over multiple days to identify optimal targets.
Recorded downstream circuit effects, including high-frequency activity modulation in connected brain regions.

Main Results:

Identified two specific targets in the right ventral capsule (VC) that acutely reduced OCD symptoms.
Demonstrated that prolonged VC stimulation suppressed high-frequency activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, a region encoding OCD severity.
Combined stimulation of the identified VC targets resulted in a rapid therapeutic response.

Conclusions:

This case study provides the first proof-of-concept for invasive brain mapping to guide personalized neuromodulation in refractory OCD.
The findings suggest a novel, personalized, multi-site DBS approach for treating severe OCD.
Targeted VC stimulation effectively modulated relevant brain circuits and rapidly improved OCD symptoms.