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Potential compensatory mechanism for cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes and prediabetes: altered
Weiye Lu1, Xuan Huang1, Die Shen1
1The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Frontiers in Endocrinology
|April 1, 2025
Summary
Brain structure-function (SC-FC) coupling changes in the limbic network are linked to diabetes and may be an early sign of cognitive decline in prediabetes. This brain coupling may help compensate for cognitive changes.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Medical Imaging
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Brain structure-function (SC-FC) coupling is a sensitive indicator of neural changes.
- Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are associated with cognitive impairments.
- Investigating SC-FC coupling alterations in diabetes is crucial for understanding cognitive deficits.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine how SC-FC coupling changes in the brain affect cognition in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM.
- To explore the interaction between SC-FC coupling, glucose metabolism, and cognitive function.
Main Methods:
- Utilized diffusion-weighted and resting-state functional MRI data from 493 participants (normal glucose metabolism, prediabetes, T2DM).
- Quantified SC-FC coupling and analyzed its relationship with glucose metabolism and cognitive measures using general linear models and regression.
- Employed mediation models to assess the role of regional SC-FC coupling in linking diabetes-related factors to cognition.
Main Results:
- SC-FC coupling strength varied across brain regions, notably in ventral attention and somatomotor networks.
- T2DM patients exhibited altered SC-FC coupling in the default mode network (higher) and limbic network (lower) compared to controls.
- Fasting glucose, HbA1c, and fasting insulin levels were correlated with specific SC-FC coupling changes in the limbic and dorsal attention networks.
- SC-FC coupling in the limbic network was found to suppress the association between diabetes metrics and cognitive performance.
Conclusions:
- Abnormal SC-FC coupling in the limbic network is associated with T2DM and diabetes-related measures.
- Altered SC-FC coupling in the limbic network may represent a compensatory mechanism for cognitive decline starting in the prediabetes stage.
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