Epidemiology of Using Electronic Cigarettes in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review

The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence and factors influencing e-cigarette use in Saudi Arabia. We did a comprehensive search of multiple academic databases, including PubMed, SCOPUS, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Eligible studies published between January 2021 and September 2024 were screened, and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The study analyzed data from 15 trials involving 6,736 participants, of whom 3,872 (57.5%) were male. The prevalence of e-cigarette use varied between 7.2% among university students and 79.8% among young adults (18 to 30 years), with an overall median prevalence of 36.6%. The study found that factors such as peer influence, a variety of available flavors, male gender, curiosity, independent living situations, and perceptions of e-cigarettes as a safer and more economical alternative to traditional cigarettes might have contributed to increased usage among consumers. The findings highlight the urgent need for public health initiatives to address e-cigarette use, particularly among adolescents and young adults, to mitigate its impact on public health. Finally, we hope this study provides valuable insights for policymakers and healthcare professionals in Saudi Arabia.