Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

185
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
185
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

146
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
146
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

403
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
403
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

368
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
368
Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

666
Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
666
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

400
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
400

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Is Immediate Lymphatic Reconstruction Cost-Effective for Breast Cancer Lymphedema?

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Quality of Life Outcomes in Salvage Laryngectomy Reconstruction.

Clinical otolaryngology : official journal of ENT-UK ; official journal of Netherlands Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology & Cervico-Facial Surgery·2026
Same author

Postoperative Lymphatic Patterns and Application of LVA in Breast Cancer Patients With Truncal Lymphedema.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same author

ICG-directed scrotal flap design for adult-acquired buried penis repair.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2026
Same author

Non-Traditional Leaders in U.S. Plastic Surgery: Challenges and Triumphs.

Plastic and reconstructive surgery·2026
Same author

Absorbable antibiotic bead prophylaxis for implant-based breast reconstruction.

Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS·2025
Same journal

Response to: The Cost of Matching into Plastic Surgery.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Comprehensive Review of Pressure Sores: Pathophysiology, Prevention, and Surgical Management.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Venous Flow-Through Flaps in Hand Reconstructive Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Experimental Rat Peripheral Nerve Models: Surgical Exposures and Applications.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

The Cost of Matching into Plastic Surgery.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
Same journal

Microsurgery Applications in Nonplastic Surgery Specialties.

Annals of plastic surgery·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
06:44

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2020

7.2K

Changing Opioid Prescribing Algorithms in Plastic Surgery.

Shayan Mohammad Sarrami1, Nia Buckner, Kelly Murphy

  • 1From the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|April 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plastic surgeons can reduce opioid prescribing by implementing a new algorithm. This change significantly decreased unused opioid pills without affecting patient pain management.

More Related Videos

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia
12:40

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.5K
Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

33.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2025

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
06:44

Modeling Brain Metastases Through Intracranial Injection and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Published on: June 7, 2020

7.2K
A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia
12:40

A Modified Murine Heterotopic Heart Transplant Protocol Matching Contemporary Standards of Aseptic Technique, Anesthesia, and Analgesia

Published on: September 28, 2022

1.5K
Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

33.2K

Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Pain Management
  • Opioid Prescribing Practices

Background:

  • Opiate prescribing practices in surgery lack standardization, causing hesitation among plastic surgeons.
  • Reducing opioid use has demonstrated benefits, yet implementation remains a challenge.
  • A novel prescribing algorithm is presented to guide practice modification and reduce opiate prescriptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and evaluate a new opiate prescribing algorithm for breast surgery patients.
  • To reduce the number of prescribed postoperative opioid pills.
  • To analyze the impact of the algorithm on opioid consumption and excess medication.

Main Methods:

  • An opiate algorithm was implemented for breast surgery patients in October 2023.
  • The preintervention group received 30 opioid pills; the postintervention group received a maximum of 10 pills.
  • Postoperative analgesic use and pill consumption were recorded for both cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Median unused opioid pills decreased significantly from 24 to 0.5 postintervention (P < 0.000).
  • Median opiate consumption remained similar between groups (6 pills preintervention vs. 5.5 pills postintervention).
  • No significant difference was found in refill requirements or analgesic use between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • A pathway for updating opioid prescribing algorithms in plastic surgery was established.
  • The intervention significantly reduced excess opioid medication, lowering abuse risk.
  • Surgeons can confidently adopt this reform to regulate opioid prescriptions effectively.