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Related Concept Videos

Structure of Amines01:19

Structure of Amines

2.4K
The hybridized nitrogen atom in amines possesses a lone pair of electrons and is bound to three substituents with a bond angle of around 108°, which is less than the tetrahedral angle of 109.5°. However, the C–N–H bond angle is slightly larger at 112°, with a carbon–nitrogen bond length of 147 pm. This carbon–nitrogen bond length of of amines is longer than the carbon–oxygen bond of alcohols (143 pm) but shorter than alkanes’...
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Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines01:30

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Alkylation is one of the methods used to prepare amines. Direct alkylation of ammonia or a primary amine with an alkyl halide gives polyalkylated amines along with a quaternary ammonium salt through successive SN2 reactions. This process of making the quaternary salt through the direct alkylation method is called exhaustive alkylation.
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
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Mass Spectrometry of Amines01:19

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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule: a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a parent ion with an odd molecular weight. The remaining fragments have an even mass.
Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit...
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Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

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Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
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Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:28

Structures of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Structure of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
Carboxylic acid derivatives contain an acyl group attached to a heteroatom such as chlorine, oxygen, or nitrogen. The carbonyl carbon and oxygen are both sp2-hybridized with an unhybridized p orbital.
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VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

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Updated: May 16, 2025

Preparation of Hydrophobic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Perfluoroalkanes for the Removal of Ammonia
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Multivariate Covalent Organic Frameworks for High-Performance Ammonia Nitrogen Separation:

Yunhui Zhang1,2,3,4, Jinglin Liu1, Tao Wang1

  • 1College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed sulfonated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) for efficient ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal from water. These novel materials exhibit high adsorption capacity and ultrafast kinetics, offering a promising solution for water decontamination.

Keywords:
adsorptionammonia nitrogencation capturecovalent organic frameworkstructure‐property‐function relationship

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Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal from water is crucial for environmental protection and resource recovery.
  • Adsorbing NH4+-N is challenging due to its stable structure and large ionic radius compared to other cations.
  • Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) offer tunable structures for adsorption applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize sulfonated COFs for enhanced NH4+-N adsorption.
  • To investigate the structure-property-function relationships governing NH4+-N adsorption in COFs.
  • To elucidate the atomic-level mechanisms of NH4+-N adsorption.

Main Methods:

  • A "multivariate" synthetic strategy was employed to create sulfonated COFs.
  • The adsorption performance of COFs with varying sulfonic acid group densities was evaluated.
  • N K-edge near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy was used to study adsorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • The optimal sulfonic acid group density of 50% yielded an adsorption capacity of 17.09 mg g-1 and an equilibrium time of 5 min.
  • COF crystallinity positively impacted adsorption capacity and kinetics.
  • Surface area and hydrophilicity enhanced capacity, while pore size affected capacity and kinetics differently.
  • Ion exchange and hydrogen bonding were identified as key adsorption mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Sulfonated COFs demonstrate superior performance for NH4+-N capture compared to existing adsorbents.
  • Material properties like crystallinity, surface area, hydrophilicity, and pore size critically influence adsorption.
  • This study provides a framework for designing advanced adsorbents for efficient cation removal.