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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Social Determinants of Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Adverse social risk factors, including financial strain, housing instability, and food insecurity, significantly impact millions of Americans.
  • Understanding the relationship between these social determinants of health and acute care utilization is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between exposure to social risk factors and emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations.
  • To analyze acute care utilization patterns among insured adults based on self-reported social risk exposure.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study utilizing US health data from an integrated health care delivery system.
  • Validated survey questions assessed social risk factors (financial strain, housing instability, food insecurity) in 2020 and 2022.
  • Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression analyzed the association between social risk and subsequent ED visits or hospitalizations.

Main Results:

  • The study included 9785 insured adults, with 50.3% reporting at least one social risk factor.
  • Respondents with social risk exposure had a 21% higher risk of an emergency department visit (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.21).
  • No significant association was found between social risk and hospitalizations (adjusted HR, 1.05).

Conclusions:

  • Social risk factors are significantly associated with increased emergency department utilization among insured adults.
  • Further research is needed to explore interventions that address social risks to potentially reduce ED visits.
  • The findings highlight the importance of integrating social determinants of health into healthcare strategies.