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Updated: Apr 8, 2026

In vitro Assembly of Semi-artificial Molecular Machine and its Use for Detection of DNA Damage
Published on: January 11, 2012
Functionalization of Nucleic Acid Molecular Machines under Physiological Conditions: A Review
Mo Zhou1,2,3, Hongzhen Peng4, Shihua Luo5
1Division of Physical Biology, CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.
Abstract:
In-situ fabrication of nucleic acid molecular machines in biological environments is desirable for smart theranostic applications. However, given the complex nature of biological environments, the integration of multiple functional modules into a coordinated machine remains challenging. Recent advances in nucleic acid nanotechnology offer solutions to these challenges. Here, we outline design principles for nucleic acid-based molecular machines tailored for physiological conditions, drawing on recent examples. We review cutting-edge technologies that facilitate their functionalization in physiological settings, particularly presynthesis modifications using unnatural bases and postsynthesis functionalization via bioorthogonal chemistry and noncovalent biological interactions. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these technologies and suggest future directions to overcome existing challenges.
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