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Inkjet-printed transparent electrodes: Design, characterization, and initial in vivo evaluation for brain

Rita Matta¹, Davide Reato^1,2, Alberto Lombardini²

¹Mines Saint-Etienne, Centre CMP, Departement BEL, F - 13541 Gardanne, France.

|April 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a transparent, flexible electrical stimulation device for brain research. This innovation overcomes limitations in optical imaging and enables precise study of neural activity for potential therapeutic applications.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Materials Science

Background:

Electrical stimulation is crucial for brain research and treating neurological disorders.
Current limitations in recording neural responses near stimulating electrodes hinder progress.
Existing methods face challenges like stimulation artifacts and imaging obstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel, transparent, and flexible electrical stimulation device.
To enable simultaneous electrical stimulation and optical imaging of neural activity.
To overcome current limitations in studying brain activity with electrical stimulation.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of transparent, conductive polymer electrodes using microfabrication and inkjet printing.
Characterization of electrical (current delivery) and optical (transmittance) properties.
In vivo evaluation in anesthetized mice, measuring electric fields and using finite-element modeling.

Main Results:

A 1mm diameter, 350nm thick PEDOT:PSS electrode delivered 130 μA with 84% transmittance (50% under 2-photon imaging).
Measured electric fields reached up to 30 V/m near the electrode in vivo.
Finite-element modeling estimated electric fields up to 300 V/m directly beneath the electrode.

Conclusions:

The novel transparent and flexible device facilitates simultaneous electrical stimulation and optical imaging.
This technology offers a promising approach for studying and modulating neural activity.
Potential applications include advancing research in neurological disorders and human brain stimulation techniques.