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Anatomy, Histology, Aetiology, Development and Functions of Cartilago Cordis: A Systematic Review

Valentina Kubale1, Adam Best2, Shirley Mai2

  • 1Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Cells, Tissues, Organs
|April 1, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The cartilago cordis, a cardiac structure, varies in presence, form, and location across vertebrate species. Its exact function remains unknown, necessitating further research into its role and prevalence in cardiac anatomy.

Area of Science:

  • Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy
  • Cardiovascular Morphology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • The cartilago cordis is a component of the cardiac skeleton found in select vertebrate species.
  • Its presence, structure, and function are not universally documented across all vertebrates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and compare the presence, structure, and function of the cartilago cordis in vertebrates.
  • To synthesize existing knowledge on cartilago cordis morphology, prevalence, and potential roles.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted comprehensive literature searches for studies on cartilago cordis.
  • Gathered data on anatomical location, morphology, prevalence, development, and function across species.

Main Results:

  • Cartilago cordis, typically hyaline cartilage, exhibits variable location and structure among species.
  • Identified in 68 vertebrates (amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds), but not universally present.
  • Function is unknown; proposed roles include cardiac support, conduction, and contraction, with potential links to pathologies.

Conclusions:

  • The cartilago cordis displays significant variation in prevalence, structure, and location.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate its function and developmental origins.
  • The known prevalence may underestimate the actual distribution due to size and variability.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiac anatomyFibrocartilageHeartHyaline cartilageOssa cordis

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