Bioprinted platform for parallelized screening of engineered microtissues in vivo

Human engineered tissues hold great promise for therapeutic tissue regeneration and repair. Yet, development of these technologies often stalls at the stage of in vivo studies due to the complexity of engineered tissue formulations, which are often composed of diverse cell populations and material elements, along with the tedious nature of in vivo experiments. We introduce a "plug and play" platform called parallelized host apposition for screening tissues in vivo (PHAST). PHAST enables parallelized in vivo testing of 43 three-dimensional microtissues in a single 3D-printed device. Using PHAST, we screen microtissue formations with varying cellular and material components and identify formulations that support vascular graft-host inosculation and engineered liver tissue function in vivo. Our studies reveal that the cellular population(s) that should be included in engineered tissues for optimal in vivo performance is material dependent. PHAST could thus accelerate development of human tissue therapies for clinical regeneration and repair.