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[WHO clinical practice guidelines for influenza: an update]
Jana Meixner1, Barbara Nußbaumer-Streit2, Isolde Sommer3
1Department für Evidenzbasierte Medizin und Evaluation, Universität für Weiterbildung Krems, Krems an der Donau, Austria.
Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband Der Arzte Des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))
|April 1, 2025
Summary
This World Health Organization guideline offers updated recommendations for influenza diagnosis and treatment. It advises specific antiviral use for high-risk non-severe cases and severe influenza, alongside diagnostic test preferences.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Influenza infects over a billion people globally each year, necessitating effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.
- Current diagnostic tools include reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), and rapid tests.
- Antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs are available for influenza treatment and prophylaxis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide updated World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for the diagnosis, drug treatment, and prophylaxis of influenza.
- To base recommendations on systematic reviews of safety and effectiveness, considering benefits, harms, evidence reliability, and stakeholder needs.
Main Methods:
- Development of guideline recommendations based on systematic reviews of safety and effectiveness data.
- Consideration of the magnitude of treatment benefits and harms, evidence reliability, and patient/healthcare professional needs.
- Formulation of conditional and strong recommendations for various influenza scenarios and patient risk levels.
Main Results:
- Conditional recommendation for baloxavir in non-severe influenza with high risk of severe illness; antivirals not recommended for low-risk cases.
- Strong recommendation against antibiotics for uncomplicated influenza; oseltamivir conditionally recommended for severe influenza.
- Conditional recommendation for baloxavir and oseltamivir for prophylaxis in high-risk exposed individuals; specific antivirals recommended for zoonotic influenza.
Conclusions:
- NAAT or digital immunoassay (DIA) recommended for non-severe influenza diagnosis; NAAT for severe influenza.
- Baloxavir and oseltamivir are conditionally recommended for specific treatment and prophylaxis scenarios.
- Certain antivirals, antibiotics, and therapies are not recommended due to lack of benefit or potential harm.
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